Plants face various environmental challenges that affect their growth and productivity.
These challenges are classified into two types: Biotic Stress and Abiotic Stress.
1. Biotic Stress
Biotic stress occurs due to living organisms that harm plants.
Examples of Biotic Stress:
Pests: Aphids, whiteflies, thrips, etc.
Diseases: Caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses.
Weeds: Compete with plants for nutrients, water, and sunlight.
Management: Use pesticides, fungicides, and bio-control agents to reduce biotic threats.
2. Abiotic Stress
Abiotic stress is caused by non-living factors that impact plant growth.
Examples of Abiotic Stress:
Temperature Extremes: Frost, heatwaves.
Water Stress: Drought or excessive rainfall.
Soil Issues: Nutrient deficiency, salinity, or poor structure.
Environmental Factors: Wind, UV radiation, or pollution.
Management: Apply stress-relief sprays, use mulching, and follow proper irrigation practices to protect crops.
