How Rhizobium Helps Leguminous Crops Fix Nitrogen ?
Leguminous crops like soybean, chana, groundnut, tur, moong, and urad need a good amount of nitrogen for healthy growth. But plants cannot use nitrogen directly from the air. This is where Rhizobium, a friendly soil bacteria, plays a key role. It naturally fixes nitrogen and supplies it to the plant in a usable form.
What is Rhizobium?
Rhizobium is a beneficial bacteria found in the soil. When it enters the roots of legume crops, it forms small round nodules. These nodules act like a natural nitrogen-making unit for the plant.
How Rhizobium Fixes Nitrogen (Simple Steps)
• Roots attract Rhizobium – Legume roots release signals that invite Rhizobium bacteria.
• Bacteria enter root hairs – The root hair curls and allows the bacteria to enter.
• Nodules form on roots – Small pink nodules appear; these are the centers of nitrogen fixation.
• Nitrogen conversion – Rhizobium produces an enzyme called nitrogenase, which converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃).
• Plant uses the nitrogen – The ammonia forms proteins, chlorophyll, and helps in overall plant growth.
Benefits for Farmers
• Saves money by reducing urea requirement
• Improves soil fertility for the next crop
• Increases plant growth and yield
• Pure natural nitrogen—safe for soil and environment
• Long-term benefits as Rhizobium stays active in soil with proper practices
How Farmers Can Improve Rhizobium Activity
• Use a good-quality Rhizobium seed treatment
• Keep soil moist during the first 10–15 days after sowing
• Avoid heavy nitrogen fertilizers at early stages
• Maintain soil pH between 6 and 7
• Avoid strong pesticides right after sowing
