Stomata – The Importance of Plant Breathing Pores and the Right Time for Spraying
Stomata are very tiny pores present on the surface of leaves. Though they are not visible to the naked eye, they play a crucial role in the life of crops. Respiration, photosynthesis, and water regulation in plants mainly occur through stomata. Understanding their function helps make farming more scientific and profitable.
What are Stomata?
Stomata are microscopic openings on leaves, mostly found on the lower surface. These act like small doors that open and close to regulate gas exchange and water loss according to plant needs.
When stomata are open, air moves in and out, carbon dioxide (CO₂) enters the leaf, and oxygen (O₂) along with water vapor is released.
Why are stomata not always open?
Stomata open and close depending on temperature, humidity, weather conditions, and plant stress. During high heat or water stress, stomata close to prevent excess water loss.
When are stomata more open?
Early morning (6:00–9:00 am)
Evening (4:30–6:30 pm)
Moderate temperature with good humidity
When do stomata close?
During intense afternoon heat
High temperature and dry air
Under water stress or heat stress
Best time for spraying nutrients or pesticides
For fertilizers, micronutrients, biostimulants, or pesticides to work effectively, they must be absorbed through stomata.
Best spraying time –
Morning: 6:00 to 9:00 am
Evening: after 4:30 pm
At this time, droplets stay longer on leaves and absorption is maximum.
Time to avoid spraying
11:00 am to 4:00 pm, as stomata remain closed and spray efficiency is low.
Conclusion
Spraying at the right time ensures better results, lower costs, and healthier crops. Understanding stomatal science makes agriculture more efficient and profitable.
